Error Pennies: A Guide to Collecting

Error pennies are fascinating not just to coin collectors, but to anyone interested in history. These coins give us insight into the minting process and sometimes contain valuable lessons from the past. Understanding the different types of errors can turn an ordinary penny into a prized piece. In this guide, we’ll explore various types of error pennies, complete with descriptions and notable examples.

Types of Error Pennies

1. Off-Center Errors

Off-center errors occur when the coin isn’t properly aligned with the die during the striking process. As a result, part of the coin’s design is missing and the blank metal is visible. The key to value here is the degree of off-centeredness. For collectors, an off-center coin with about 50% of its design missing and clear date and mint mark is most valuable.

2. Double Die Errors

Double die errors are some of the most sought after. These occur when the die itself has a doubled image, not the coin. Popular examples include the 1955 and 1969-S double die pennies. On these coins, the doubling is most noticeable in the date and the inscriptions. Collectors pay close attention to these unique characteristics as they significantly boost a coin’s value.

3. Clipped Planchets

A clipped planchet error happens when the metal sheet from which coins are punched out does not advance properly, resulting in an incomplete circular coin. Clipped planchets can appear as straight edges or partial circles, known as ‘bites.’ Different types and sizes of clips can occur, making them an intriguing collecting area.

4. Broadstrike Errors

Broadstrike errors are produced when the collar, which normally holds the coin in place during striking, fails to function correctly. This leads to a coin being wider and often thinner than normal because the metal flows outward. A broadstrike will often lack the typical edge reeding found on standard coins, making it easy to identify.

5. Die Cracks

Die cracks occur when the die used to strike the coins begins to break down. This results in cracks on the coins often looking like raised lines. While not always dramatic, the most prominent die cracks can form fascinating patterns and, in rare cases, even create shapes that are amusing or artistic in nature.

6. Repunched Mint Mark (RPM)

In older minting processes, mint marks were hand-punched onto each die. Errors happened during this process, leading to multiple impressions, often slightly misaligned. Known as repunched mint marks, or RPMs, collectors cherish coins with clear evidence of this error. The 1950s and 1960s produced a large number of these.

7. Lamination Errors

Lamination errors occur when a piece of the coin’s surface metal detaches or peels away, usually because of impurities or contaminants in the metal. Over time, this layer can flake off. The pennies show an uneven surface, providing a unique texture that’s highly sought after by collectors.

8. BIE Error

A BIE error involves the LIBERTY inscription found on pennies. A small die crack between the B and E of LIBERTY forms a letter I, making it appear as L I B I E R T Y. These aren’t highly valuable but are popular because they are easy to identify and are often a young collector’s first error find.

Tips for Collecting Error Pennies

• Educate Yourself: Knowledge is key. Being aware of what to look for helps you spot error pennies in circulation.
• Use Proper Tools: A magnifying glass or a loupe is essential for spotting small errors not easily seen with the naked eye.
• Preserve Your Finds: Use coin holders to keep error pennies safe from damage and environmental effects.
• Stay Updated: The market for error coins can fluctuate. Keep an eye on recent sales to understand current values.
• Join a Community: Forums and clubs can provide support and additional resources, enhancing your collecting experience.

Whether you’re just starting or have a seasoned collection, error pennies offer a tangible connection to minting history. Each error tells a story of imperfection that survived the rigorous process of quality control. For many, finding these beautiful mistakes is an adventure that adds depth to the simple act of collecting coins.